---
title: Identify the principle by which an electric vehicle recovers energy… — Electric cars and charging · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principle by which an electric vehicle recovers energy during deceleration. Exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Electric cars and charging

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principle by which an electric vehicle recovers energy during deceleration.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, electric vehicle · **What happens:** identify, recover · **To what, where:** principle, energy

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 19 «Electric cars and charging» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/19-electric-cars-and-charging/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:19-electric-cars-and-charging:e1:1
# text = Identify the principle by which an electric vehicle recovers energy during deceleration.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	principle	principle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	recovers	recover	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	during	during	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	deceleration	deceleration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principle |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent principle=Theme |
| 2 | **recover** | present | a electric vehicle | energy |  |  | during deceleration | by the principle | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent energy=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vehicle draws energy from overhead cables

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:19-electric-cars-and-charging:e1:o1:1
# text = The vehicle draws energy from overhead cables
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	draws	draw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	overhead	overhead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cables	cable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | present | the vehicle | energy |  | overhead cables |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent energy=Theme from cable=Initial\_Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tyres collect static electricity from the road

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:19-electric-cars-and-charging:e1:o2:1
# text = The tyres collect static electricity from the road
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tyres	tyre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	static	static	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | the tyres | static electricity |  | the road |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent electricity=Theme from road=Source |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The motor operates as a generator and recharges the battery

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:19-electric-cars-and-charging:e1:o3:1
# text = The motor operates as a generator and recharges the battery
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	operates	operate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	generator	generator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	recharges	recharge	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **operate** | present | the motor |  |  |  |  | as a generator | vn function-105.2.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **recharge** | present | the motor *not said here* | the battery |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus battery=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brake pads convert friction into stored fuel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:19-electric-cars-and-charging:e1:o4:1
# text = The brake pads convert friction into stored fuel
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	brake	brake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pads	pad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	convert	convert	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **convert** | present | the brake pads | friction |  |  |  | into stored fuel *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent friction=Patient into fuel=Result |
| 2 | **store** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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