---
title: «bloody gum on the pavement again» Why is spat gum a problem for tow… — Chocolate and sweets · tree and pragmatics
description: «bloody gum on the pavement again» Why is spat gum a problem for towns? Test 8 of lesson 2 «Chocolate and sweets» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 8 · Chocolate and sweets

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«bloody gum on the pavement again» Why is spat gum a problem for towns?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** bloody gum · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** spat gum

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 8 of lesson 2 «Chocolate and sweets» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/#t8).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:2-chocolate-and-sweets:t8:1
# text = «bloody gum on the pavement again» Why is spat gum a problem for towns?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	bloody	bloody	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	3	advmod	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	spat	spat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	gum	gum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	towns	town	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | bloody gum on the pavement | spat gum |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It sticks hard and costs a lot to clean off

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:2-chocolate-and-sweets:t8:o1:1
# text = It sticks hard and costs a lot to clean off
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	clean	clean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	off	off	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | present | It |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **cost** | present |  | a lot |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value |
| 3 | **clean off** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It grows into weeds that push up between the stones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:2-chocolate-and-sweets:t8:o2:1
# text = It grows into weeds that push up between the stones
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	weeds	weed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	push	push	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | It |  |  |  |  | into weeds *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into weed=Result |
| 2 | **push up** | present | weeds |  |  | the stones |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent between stone=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It slowly turns the pavement stones into rubber

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:2-chocolate-and-sweets:t8:o3:1
# text = It slowly turns the pavement stones into rubber
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	turns	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | It | the pavement stones |  | rubber |  | slowly *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stone=Theme into rubber=Trajectory |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It melts holes in the pavement in hot summer weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:2-chocolate-and-sweets:t8:o4:1
# text = It melts holes in the pavement in hot summer weather
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	holes	hole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | It | holes |  | the pavement |  | in hot summer weather | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient hole=Result |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Chocolate and sweets, test 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/t7/)
- next →: [Chocolate and sweets, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/t9/)
- ↑ back to [Chocolate and sweets](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/2-chocolate-and-sweets/)