---
title: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics
description: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning vapour trails. Exam question 3 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Why planes fly

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning vapour trails.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, established facts · **What happens:** select, establish, concern · **To what, where:** response, vapour trails

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/22-why-planes-fly/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e3:1
# text = Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning vapour trails.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	trails	trail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  | consistent *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 3 | **concern** | gerund | the established facts *not said here* | vapour trails |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus trail=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consist of water vapour from the engine exhaust which has frozen into ice crystals in cold, humid air

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e3:o1:1
# text = They consist of water vapour from the engine exhaust which has frozen into ice crystals in cold, humid air
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	vapour	vapour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	exhaust	exhaust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl:relcl	_	_
13	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	crystals	crystal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
19	humid	humid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | They |  |  |  |  | of water vapour from the engine exhaust | tree rules |
| 2 | **freeze** | present · perfect · passive |  | the engine exhaust |  | ice crystals |  | in cold humid air | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consist of smoke from fuel which has caught fire

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e3:o2:1
# text = They consist of smoke from fuel which has caught fire
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | They |  |  | fuel |  | of smoke | tree rules |
| 2 | **catch** | present · perfect · passive |  | fuel |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: subject=Beneficiary fire=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consist of chemical substances dispersed deliberately in order to modify the weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e3:o3:1
# text = They consist of chemical substances dispersed deliberately in order to modify the weather
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	dispersed	disperse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	deliberately	deliberately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	modify	modify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | They |  |  |  |  | of chemical substances | tree rules |
| 2 | **disperse** | participle |  | chemical substances *not said here* |  | order |  | deliberately *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **modify** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | the weather |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent weather=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They consist of dust raised from the surface of the wings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e3:o4:1
# text = They consist of dust raised from the surface of the wings
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	consist	consist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consist** | present | They |  |  |  |  | of dust | tree rules |
| 2 | **raise** | participle |  | dust *not said here* |  | the surface of the wings |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent from surface=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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