--- title: It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. Ascertain the reason… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics description: It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child. Exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the q --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/e4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/) / [Why planes fly](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/22-why-planes-fly/) / e4 # Exam question 4 · Why planes fly It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** cabin pressure, you · **What happens:** give, fail, ascertain, instruct, fit, assist · **To what, where:** It, reason, adult, own mask, child This is exam question 4 of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/22-why-planes-fly/#e4). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:1 # text = It is given that the cabin pressure has failed. 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 given give VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 that that SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 cabin cabin NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 compound _ _ 7 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 8 has have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 failed fail VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ SpaceAfter=No 10 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | present · passive | | It | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **fail** | present · perfect | the cabin pressure | | | | | | vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child. ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:2 # text = Ascertain the reason for which an adult is instructed to fit his or her own mask before assisting a child. 1 Ascertain ascertain VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 for for ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obl _ _ 6 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 adult adult NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux:pass _ _ 9 instructed instruct VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl:relcl _ _ 10 to to PART TO _ 11 mark _ _ 11 fit fit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 xcomp _ _ 12 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 13 or or CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 14 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 mask mask NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 17 before before SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 18 assisting assist VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 11 advcl _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 21 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the reason | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reason=Topic | | 2 | **instruct** *speech: other* | present · passive | | a adult | | | | for the reason | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP how S\_INF»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | | 3 | **fit** | to-infinitive | | adult's own mask | | | | | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mask=Patient | | 4 | **assist** | gerund | | | a child | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Beneficiary | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1} The adult thereby remains conscious and capable of rendering assistance ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:o1:1 # text = The adult thereby remains conscious and capable of rendering assistance 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 adult adult NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 3 thereby thereby ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 remains remain VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 conscious conscious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 xcomp _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 capable capable ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 conj _ _ 8 of of SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 9 rendering render VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 advcl _ _ 10 assistance assistance NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **remain** | present | the adult | | | | | conscious, thereby *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **render** | gerund | the adult *not said here* | assistance | | | | | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent assistance=Theme | ### Option 2 {#o2} Children are not affected by a reduction in pressure ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:o2:1 # text = Children are not affected by a reduction in pressure 1 Children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 3 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 4 advmod _ _ 4 affected affect VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 by by ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 reduction reduction NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 pressure pressure NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **affect** | present · passive | a reduction in pressure | Children | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus subject=Experiencer | ### Option 3 {#o3} Adult passengers are accorded priority under all regulations ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:o3:1 # text = Adult passengers are accorded priority under all regulations 1 Adult adult ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 passengers passenger NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 accorded accord VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 priority priority NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 under under ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 8 det _ _ 8 regulations regulation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:agent _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **accord** | present · passive | all regulations | Adult passengers | | | | | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.goal NP»: agent=Agent subject=Goal priority=Theme | ### Option 4 {#o4} The child's mask is released at a subsequent stage ```conllu # sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:e4:o4:1 # text = The child's mask is released at a subsequent stage 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 mask mask NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj:pass _ _ 5 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 aux:pass _ _ 6 released release VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 7 at at ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 subsequent subsequent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 stage stage NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **release** | present · passive | | the child's mask | | a subsequent stage | | | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Source | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. 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