---
title: You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and… — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics
description: You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back. What is happening? Test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 3 · ★ · Why planes fly

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back. What is happening?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** You, wing · **What happens:** look out, seem, grow, bend, happen · **To what, where:** window, landing, back

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/22-why-planes-fly/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:1
# text = You look out of the window at landing and the wing seems to grow and bend at the back.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	landing	landing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	seems	seem	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | present | You | the window |  | landing |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **seem** | present | the wing |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **grow** | to-infinitive | the wing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **bend** | infinitive | the wing *not said here* |  |  | the back |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at back=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What is happening?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:2
# text = What is happening?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wing is folding up to fit the gate

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:o1:1
# text = The wing is folding up to fit the gate
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	folding	fold	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	fit	fit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold up** | present · progressive | the wing |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **fit** | to-infinitive | the wing *not said here* | the gate |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gate=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fuel is leaking out of the wing, so the wing shrinks and bends

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:o2:1
# text = The fuel is leaking out of the wing, so the wing shrinks and bends
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	leaking	leak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shrinks	shrink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	bends	bend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leak out** | present · progressive | the fuel | the wing |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Source |
| 2 | **shrink** | present | the wing |  |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **bend** | present | the wing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wing is breaking because of the cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:o3:1
# text = The wing is breaking because of the cold
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wing	wing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	fixed	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present · progressive | the wing |  |  |  |  | because the cold | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flaps and slats are sliding out so the plane can fly slowly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t3:o4:1
# text = Flaps and slats are sliding out so the plane can fly slowly
1	Flaps	flap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	slats	slat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	sliding	slide	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slide out** | present · progressive | Flaps and slats |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | can | the plane |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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