---
title: Which is true about a glider? — Why planes fly · tree and pragmatics
description: Which is true about a glider? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · Why planes fly

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which is true about a glider?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **What happens:** be

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 22 «Why planes fly» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/22-why-planes-fly/#t9).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t9:1
# text = Which is true about a glider?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	glider	glider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | about a glider; true *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It flies only because of the wind behind it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t9:o1:1
# text = It flies only because of the wind behind it
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flies	fly	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
4	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | present | It | the wind |  | wind |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent wind=Theme behind it=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is pushed by a small jet engine in the nose

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t9:o2:1
# text = It is pushed by a small jet engine in the nose
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push** | present · passive | a small jet engine | It |  | the nose |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent subject=Theme in nose=Trajectory |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has no engine and can fly for hours on rising warm air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t9:o3:1
# text = It has no engine and can fly for hours on rising warm air
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	rising	rise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	amod	_	_
12	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | It | no engine |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient |
| 2 | **fly** | can |  |  |  | rising warm air | hour |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on air=Location |
| 3 | **rise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It must land within a minute of being let go by the tow plane

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:22-why-planes-fly:t9:o4:1
# text = It must land within a minute of being let go by the tow plane
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	land	land	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	let	let	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
10	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	tow	tow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | must | It |  |  |  | minute | by the tow plane | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **let** | gerund · passive |  | a minute *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **go** | infinitive | a minute *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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