---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Ships, ports and submarines · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a canal lock? Exam question 4 of lesson 24 «Ships, ports and submarines» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was r
---

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# Exam question 4 · Ships, ports and submarines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a canal lock?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, operate · **To what, where:** operation, canal lock

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 24 «Ships, ports and submarines» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/24-ships-ports-and-submarines/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:24-ships-ports-and-submarines:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of a canal lock?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	canal	canal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	lock	lock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the operation of a canal lock |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **operate** |  |  | a canal lock |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A chamber enclosed by gates is filled or emptied so as to raise or lower a vessel between levels

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:24-ships-ports-and-submarines:e4:o1:1
# text = A chamber enclosed by gates is filled or emptied so as to raise or lower a vessel between levels
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	chamber	chamber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	enclosed	enclose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	filled	fill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	emptied	empty	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	raise	raise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	lower	lower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	between	between	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	levels	level	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enclose** | participle |  | a chamber *not said here* |  |  |  | by gates | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | present · passive |  | a chamber |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **empty** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source |
| 4 | **raise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lower** | infinitive |  | a vessel |  | levels |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme between level=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Vessels are hauled up an inclined bank by draught horses

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:24-ships-ports-and-submarines:e4:o2:1
# text = Vessels are hauled up an inclined bank by draught horses
1	Vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	hauled	haul	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	inclined	incline	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	draught	draught	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **haul up** | present · passive | draught horses | Vessels |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **incline** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The vessel's engine propels it up a waterfall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:24-ships-ports-and-submarines:e4:o3:1
# text = The vessel's engine propels it up a waterfall
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	vessel	vessel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	propels	propel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	waterfall	waterfall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **propel up** | present | the vessel's engine | vessel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The canal is tilted mechanically so that vessels may roll uphill

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:24-ships-ports-and-submarines:e4:o4:1
# text = The canal is tilted mechanically so that vessels may roll uphill
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	canal	canal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	tilted	tilt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	mechanically	mechanically	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	roll	roll	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
11	uphill	uphill	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tilt** | present · passive |  | the canal |  |  |  | mechanically *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **roll** | may | vessels |  |  |  |  | uphill *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Ships, ports and submarines, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/24-ships-ports-and-submarines/e3/)
- next →: [Bicycles and other wheels, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/25-bicycles-and-other-wheels/t1/)
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