---
title: Identify the principal reason for which the illumination at the port… — Tunnels and what lies under the street · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which the illumination at the portal of a road tunnel exceeds that within. Exam question 3 of lesson 29 «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Exam question 3 · Tunnels and what lies under the street

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which the illumination at the portal of a road tunnel exceeds that within.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** you, illumination · **What happens:** identify, exceed · **To what, where:** principal reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 29 «Tunnels and what lies under the street» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/29-tunnels-and-under-the-street/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:29-tunnels-and-under-the-street:e3:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which the illumination at the portal of a road tunnel exceeds that within.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	illumination	illumination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	portal	portal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
16	exceeds	exceed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	obj	_	_
18	within	within	ADP	IN	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **exceed** | present | the illumination at the portal of a road tunnel | the principal reason |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot that=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The eyes of drivers are thereby permitted to adapt to the reduced light

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:29-tunnels-and-under-the-street:e3:o1:1
# text = The eyes of drivers are thereby permitted to adapt to the reduced light
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
6	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	permitted	permit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	adapt	adapt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	reduced	reduce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	amod	_	_
13	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present · passive |  | the eyes of drivers |  |  |  | thereby *property* | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **adapt** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to the reduced light *goal* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent to light=Goal |
| 3 | **reduce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Electricity is thereby economised at the portal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:29-tunnels-and-under-the-street:e3:o2:1
# text = Electricity is thereby economised at the portal
1	Electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	economised	economise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	portal	portal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **economise** | present · passive |  | Electricity |  | the portal |  | thereby *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The name of the tunnel is thereby rendered visible at a distance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:29-tunnels-and-under-the-street:e3:o3:1
# text = The name of the tunnel is thereby rendered visible at a distance
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present · passive |  | the name of the tunnel |  |  |  | at a distance; thereby, visible *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | the tunnel |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Animals are thereby deterred from entering

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:29-tunnels-and-under-the-street:e3:o4:1
# text = Animals are thereby deterred from entering
1	Animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	thereby	thereby	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	deterred	deter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	entering	entering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **deter** | present · passive |  | Animals |  | entering |  | thereby *property* | vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP PP.eventuality»: subject=Beneficiary from entering=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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