---
title: Identify the principal function of expansion joints upon a bridge. — Bridges and skyscrapers · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal function of expansion joints upon a bridge. Exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Bridges and skyscrapers

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal function of expansion joints upon a bridge.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify · **To what, where:** principal function

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Bridges and skyscrapers» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:30-bridges-and-skyscrapers:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal function of expansion joints upon a bridge.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	function	function	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	expansion	expansion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	joints	joint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal function of expansion joints upon a bridge |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They permit the bridge to be folded during winter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:30-bridges-and-skyscrapers:e2:o1:1
# text = They permit the bridge to be folded during winter
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	permit	permit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	folded	fold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present | They | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme |
| 2 | **fold** | to-infinitive · passive | They *not said here* |  |  |  | winter |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V» |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They compel motorists to reduce their speed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:30-bridges-and-skyscrapers:e2:o2:1
# text = They compel motorists to reduce their speed
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	compel	compel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	motorists	motorist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reduce	reduce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **compel** | present | They | motorists |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent motorist=Patient |
| 2 | **reduce** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | motorists's speed |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer speed=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They permit the structure to lengthen in heat and contract in cold without damage

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:30-bridges-and-skyscrapers:e2:o3:1
# text = They permit the structure to lengthen in heat and contract in cold without damage
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	permit	permit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	structure	structure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lengthen	lengthen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	contract	contract	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nmod	_	_
13	without	without	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **permit** | present | They | the structure |  |  |  |  | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent structure=Theme |
| 2 | **lengthen** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* |  |  | heat and contract in cold |  | without damage | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They facilitate the drainage of rainwater from the carriageway

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:30-bridges-and-skyscrapers:e2:o4:1
# text = They facilitate the drainage of rainwater from the carriageway
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	facilitate	facilitate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drainage	drainage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	rainwater	rainwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	carriageway	carriageway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **facilitate** | present | They | the drainage of rainwater |  | the carriageway |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **drain** |  | rainwater |  |  |  |  |  | nom drainage «act intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Bridges and skyscrapers, exam 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/e1/)
- next →: [Bridges and skyscrapers, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/e3/)
- ↑ back to [Bridges and skyscrapers](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/30-bridges-and-skyscrapers/)