---
title: Identify the principal process by which a solar cell produces electr… — Wind, sun and other clean energy · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal process by which a solar cell produces electricity. Exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 2 · Wind, sun and other clean energy

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal process by which a solar cell produces electricity.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, solar cell · **What happens:** identify, produce · **To what, where:** principal process, electricity

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This is exam question 2 of lesson 33 «Wind, sun and other clean energy» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy:e2:1
# text = Identify the principal process by which a solar cell produces electricity.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	solar	solar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
11	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal process |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent process=Theme |
| 2 | **produce** | present | a solar cell | electricity |  |  |  | by the principal process | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light heats water into steam which rotates a turbine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy:e2:o1:1
# text = Light heats water into steam which rotates a turbine
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heats	heat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	steam	steam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	turbine	turbine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heat** | present | Light | water |  |  |  | into steam *result* | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent water=Patient into steam=Result |
| 2 | **rotate** | present | steam | a turbine |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location turbine=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light rotates a small wheel concealed within the panel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy:e2:o2:1
# text = Light rotates a small wheel concealed within the panel
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	rotates	rotate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	concealed	conceal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	within	within	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	panel	panel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rotate** | present | Light | a small wheel |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wheel=Theme |
| 2 | **conceal** | participle |  | a small wheel *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light liberates electrons within the silicon, which then flow as an electric current

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy:e2:o3:1
# text = Light liberates electrons within the silicon, which then flow as an electric current
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	liberates	liberate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	electrons	electron	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	silicon	silicon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	obj	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	flow	flow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	electric	electric	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	current	current	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **liberate** | present | Light | electrons |  |  |  | within the silicon | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electron=Theme |
| 2 | **flow** | present | Light *not said here* |  |  |  | then | as a electric current | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location which=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light is stored in the form of a chemical fuel

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:33-wind-sun-and-other-clean-energy:e2:o4:1
# text = Light is stored in the form of a chemical fuel
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	stored	store	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **store** | present · passive |  | Light |  | the form of a chemical fuel |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in form=Location |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | a chemical fuel |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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