---
title: Identify the principal reason for which a battery ceases to supply e… — Batteries · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which a battery ceases to supply electricity. Exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Exam question 1 · Batteries

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which a battery ceases to supply electricity.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, battery · **What happens:** identify, cease, supply · **To what, where:** principal reason, electricity

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 34 «Batteries» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/34-batteries/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:34-batteries:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which a battery ceases to supply electricity.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	battery	battery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	ceases	cease	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	supply	supply	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **cease** | present | a battery |  |  |  |  | for the principal reason | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **supply** | to-infinitive | a battery *not said here* | electricity |  |  |  |  | vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent electricity=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The external casing has become excessively cold

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:34-batteries:e1:o1:1
# text = The external casing has become excessively cold
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	casing	casing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	excessively	excessively	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | present · perfect | the external casing |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The terminals have been reversed by the user

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:34-batteries:e1:o2:1
# text = The terminals have been reversed by the user
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	terminals	terminal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	user	user	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present · perfect · passive | the user | the terminals |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chemical substances within it have been consumed by reaction

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:34-batteries:e1:o3:1
# text = The chemical substances within it have been consumed by reaction
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chemical	chemical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	substances	substance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	within	within	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	reaction	reaction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **consume** | present · perfect · passive | reaction | the chemical substances within it |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Asset |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The electricity has gradually escaped through the casing into the surrounding air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:34-batteries:e1:o4:1
# text = The electricity has gradually escaped through the casing into the surrounding air
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	gradually	gradually	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	casing	casing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	surrounding	surround	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **escape** | present · perfect · passive |  | the electricity |  | the casing |  | into the surrounding air; gradually *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **surround** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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