---
title: In a cartoon, a satellite crashes because its engine runs out of fue… — Satellites and GPS · tree and pragmatics
description: In a cartoon, a satellite crashes because its engine runs out of fuel. What keeps a real satellite up? Test 2 · ★★ of lesson 38 «Satellites and GPS» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 2 · ★★ · Satellites and GPS

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a cartoon, a satellite crashes because its engine runs out of fuel. What keeps a real satellite up?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** satellite, engine · **What happens:** crash, run, keep up · **To what, where:** cartoon, fuel, real satellite

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 38 «Satellites and GPS» of the technology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/38-satellites-and-gps/#t2).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* In a cartoon, a satellite crashes because its engine runs out of fuel.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:1
# text = In a cartoon, a satellite crashes because its engine runs out of fuel.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	crashes	crash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crash** | present | a satellite |  |  | a cartoon |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cartoon=Location |
| 2 | **run** | present | satellite's engine |  |  | fuel |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out fuel=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What keeps a real satellite up?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:2
# text = What keeps a real satellite up?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep up** | present |  | a real satellite |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent satellite=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its sideways speed makes it keep falling around the Earth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:o1:1
# text = Its sideways speed makes it keep falling around the Earth
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sideways	sideways	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	falling	fall	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	around	around	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Its sideways speed | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall** | gerund |  |  |  | the Earth |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme around earth=Location |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Air under it holds it up

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:o2:1
# text = Air under it holds it up
1	Air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	under	under	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | present | Air under it | it |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strings to the ground hold it

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:o3:1
# text = Strings to the ground hold it
1	Strings	string	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | Strings to the ground | ground |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its engine must run all the time, day and night, or it drops straight down

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:38-satellites-and-gps:t2:o4:1
# text = Its engine must run all the time, day and night, or it drops straight down
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	drops	drop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
16	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | must | Its engine |  |  |  | day; time |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **drop** | present | engine |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Satellites and GPS, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/38-satellites-and-gps/t1/)
- next →: [Satellites and GPS, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/38-satellites-and-gps/t3/)
- ↑ back to [Satellites and GPS](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/38-satellites-and-gps/)