---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Self-driving cars and machines that ru… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of lidar? Exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Technology](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/) / [Self-driving cars and machines that ru…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of lidar?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, operate · **To what, where:** operation, lidar

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 40 «Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves» of the technology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the operation of lidar?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	operation	operation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	lidar	lidar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the operation of lidar |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **operate** |  |  | lidar |  |  |  |  | nom operation «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Distance is determined by measuring the interval before laser light returns to the instrument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves:e1:o1:1
# text = Distance is determined by measuring the interval before laser light returns to the instrument
1	Distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	measuring	measure	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	interval	interval	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	laser	laser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	returns	return	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	instrument	instrument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | present · passive |  | Distance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **measure** | gerund |  | the interval |  |  |  |  | vn register-54.1-2-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme interval=Value |
| 3 | **return** | present | laser light |  |  |  |  | to the instrument *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to instrument=Result |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Distance is determined by radio enquiry of other vehicles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves:e1:o2:1
# text = Distance is determined by radio enquiry of other vehicles
1	Distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	enquiry	enquiry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | present · passive | radio enquiry of other vehicles | Distance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |
| 2 | **enquire** |  |  | other vehicles |  |  |  |  | nom enquiry «communication transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Distance is determined by counting the markings upon the road

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves:e1:o3:1
# text = Distance is determined by counting the markings upon the road
1	Distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	markings	marking	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | present · passive |  | Distance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **count** | gerund |  | the markings |  |  |  | upon the road | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent marking=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Distance is determined by the echoes of the engine

```conllu
# sent_id = question:technology:40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves:e1:o4:1
# text = Distance is determined by the echoes of the engine
1	Distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	determined	determine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	echoes	echo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	engine	engine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **determine** | present · passive | the echoes of the engine | Distance |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Self-driving cars and machines that ru…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/t12/)
- next →: [Self-driving cars and machines that ru…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Self-driving cars and machines that run themselves](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/technology/40-self-driving-cars-and-machines-that-run-themselves/)