---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Hi, hello and how are you · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between yak ty? and yak vy? Exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Hi, hello and how are you» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mov
---

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# Exam question 3 · Hi, hello and how are you

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between yak ty? and yak vy?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, yak · **To what, where:** distinction, vy

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Hi, hello and how are you» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the distinction between yak ty? and yak vy?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	distinction	distinction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	between	between	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	yak	yak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	ty	ty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	yak	yak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
17	vy	vy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the distinction |  |  |  | between yak ty; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **yak** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | vy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both are reserved exclusively for grandparents

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you:e3:o1:1
# text = Both are reserved exclusively for grandparents
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	reserved	reserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	grandparents	grandparent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reserve** | present · passive |  | Both |  |  |  | for grandparents; exclusively *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Theme for grandparent=Beneficiary |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The former is addressed to a single familiar person, whereas the latter is addressed to an elder or to several persons

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you:e3:o2:1
# text = The former is addressed to a single familiar person, whereas the latter is addressed to an elder or to several persons
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	familiar	familiar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	persons	person	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **address** | present · passive |  | the former |  |  |  | to a single familiar person | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |
| 2 | **address** | present · passive |  | the latter |  |  |  | to a elder or several persons | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Destination |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The former concerns health, whereas the latter concerns the weather

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you:e3:o3:1
# text = The former concerns health, whereas the latter concerns the weather
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	concerns	concern	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nsubj	_	_
9	concerns	concern	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **concern** | present | the former concerns health | the weather |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus weather=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The former is polite, whereas the latter is informal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:1-hi-hello-and-how-are-you:e3:o4:1
# text = The former is polite, whereas the latter is informal
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	polite	polite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	latter	latter	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the former |  |  |  |  | polite *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the latter |  |  |  |  | informal *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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