---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the affirmatives tak and AHA? Exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Exam question 4 · Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the affirmatives tak and AHA?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** affirmatives tak

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 2 «Goodbyes, coming in, yes and no» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the affirmatives tak and AHA?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	affirmatives	affirmative	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	compound	_	_
11	tak	tak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	AHA	AHA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the affirmatives tak and AHA |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both signify yes, whereas AHA is casual and may appear lazy when addressed to an elder

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no:e4:o1:1
# text = Both signify yes, whereas AHA is casual and may appear lazy when addressed to an elder
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	signify	signify	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	AHA	AHA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	casual	casual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	appear	appear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
12	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	14	advmod	_	_
14	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	xcomp	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	elder	elder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | AHA |  |  |  |  | casual *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **appear** | may |  |  |  |  |  | lazy *property* | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 4 | **address** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a elder | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both signify no, whereas tak is impolite

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no:e4:o2:1
# text = Both signify no, whereas tak is impolite
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	signify	signify	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	tak	tak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	impolite	impolite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | tak |  |  |  |  | impolite *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
tak signifies no and AHA signifies yes

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no:e4:o3:1
# text = tak signifies no and AHA signifies yes
1	tak	tak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	AHA	AHA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | tak | no |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot no=Theme |
| 2 | **signify** | present | AHA |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
AHA is the more formal of the two

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:2-goodbyes-coming-in-yes-and-no:e4:o4:1
# text = AHA is the more formal of the two
1	AHA	aha	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | AHA |  |  |  |  | of the two; formal *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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