---
title: Identify the etymological basis of the Ukrainian noun "sinYak", deno… — Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the etymological basis of the Ukrainian noun "sinYak", denoting a bruise. Exam question 1 of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Exam question 1 · Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the etymological basis of the Ukrainian noun "sinYak", denoting a bruise.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, denote · **To what, where:** etymological basis, bruise

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e1:1
# text = Identify the etymological basis of the Ukrainian noun "sinYak", denoting a bruise.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	etymological	etymological	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	basis	basis	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sinYak	sinyak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	denoting	denote	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bruise	bruise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the etymological basis of the Ukrainian noun |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent basis=Theme |
| 2 | **denote** | gerund | you *not said here* | a bruise |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bruise=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun signifying a physician

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e1:o1:1
# text = A noun signifying a physician
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	signifying	signify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	physician	physician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | gerund | a noun *not said here* | a physician |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot physician=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The noun sin, signifying a transgression

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e1:o2:1
# text = The noun sin, signifying a transgression
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	signifying	signify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	transgression	transgression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | gerund | the noun sin *not said here* | a transgression |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot transgression=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A verb signifying to fall

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e1:o3:1
# text = A verb signifying to fall
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	signifying	signify	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | gerund | a verb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fall** | to-infinitive | a verb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The adjective syniy, signifying blue, after the colour of the contusion

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e1:o4:1
# text = The adjective syniy, signifying blue, after the colour of the contusion
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	adjective	adjective	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	syniy	syniy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	signifying	signify	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	contusion	contusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | blue *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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