---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "kotyku" when addressed by one adult to another? Exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmat
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [Ukrainian street](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/) / [Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "kotyku" when addressed by one adult to another?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, address · **To what, where:** expression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression "kotyku" when addressed by one adult to another?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	kotyku	kotyku	NOUN	FW	Foreign=Yes	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	xcomp	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the expression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **address** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by one adult; to another | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a reproach for idleness, likening the addressee to a lazy cat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e3:o1:1
# text = It is a reproach for idleness, likening the addressee to a lazy cat
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	idleness	idleness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	likening	liken	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	addressee	addressee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a reproach |  |  |  | for idleness | tree rules |
| 2 | **liken** | gerund | a reproach *not said here* | the addressee |  |  |  | to a lazy cat | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a reference to a domestic animal only

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e3:o2:1
# text = It is a reference to a domestic animal only
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	domestic	domestic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a reference |  |  |  | to a domestic animal | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an instruction to make haste

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e3:o3:1
# text = It is an instruction to make haste
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	instruction	instruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a instruction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a term of endearment, comparable to "darling"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:e3:o4:1
# text = It is a term of endearment, comparable to "darling"
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	endearment	endearment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	comparable	comparable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	appos	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	darling	darling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a term |  |  |  | of endearment | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/e2/)
- next →: [Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a…, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/e4/)
- ↑ back to [Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/)