---
title: my mate says "pes" means pest, so Ukrainians call dogs pests. right? — Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs a… · tree and pragmatics
description: my mate says "pes" means pest, so Ukrainians call dogs pests. right? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
my mate says "pes" means pest, so Ukrainians call dogs pests. right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, pes, Ukrainians · **What happens:** say, mean, call · **To what, where:** pest, dogs pests · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 21 «Bruises and hand-washing; cats, dogs and ponies» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:t1:1
# text = my mate says "pes" means pest, so Ukrainians call dogs pests. right?
1	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	pes	pes	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	pest	pest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
12	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	compound	_	_
14	pests	pest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
16	right	right	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | my mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | pes | pest |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Topic |
| 3 | **call** | present | Ukrainians | dogs pests |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent pest=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, but only for naughty dogs

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, but only for naughty dogs
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
4	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	naughty	naughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, pes simply means dog

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:t1:o2:1
# text = No, pes simply means dog
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	pes	pe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | pes | dog |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, it's the word for a cat

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:t1:o3:1
# text = No, it's the word for a cat
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | it | the word |  |  |  | for a cat | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it means pest or nuisance

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:21-bruises-hand-washing-cats-dogs-ponies:t1:o4:1
# text = Yes, it means pest or nuisance
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	pest	pest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	nuisance	nuisance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | it | pest or nuisance |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pest=Topic |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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