---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "zaraz" as employed by a Ukrainian parent? Exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of t
---

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# Exam question 2 · Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "zaraz" as employed by a Ukrainian parent?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, employ · **To what, where:** term

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 2 of lesson 24 «Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow/#e2).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e2:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "zaraz" as employed by a Ukrainian parent?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	zaraz	zaraz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | by a Ukrainian parent | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably signifies "tomorrow"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e2:o1:1
# text = It invariably signifies "tomorrow"
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It |  |  |  | tomorrow | invariably *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It may signify either "at once" or "in a moment", and the child should therefore wait

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e2:o2:1
# text = It may signify either "at once" or "in a moment", and the child should therefore wait
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	signify	signify	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	either	either	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc:preconj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
19	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
20	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | may | It |  |  |  |  | once *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **wait** | should | the child |  |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It invariably signifies a refusal

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e2:o3:1
# text = It invariably signifies a refusal
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	refusal	refusal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It | a refusal |  |  |  | invariably *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot refusal=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It signifies "never" and closes the matter

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e2:o4:1
# text = It signifies "never" and closes the matter
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	closes	close	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot never=Theme |
| 2 | **close** | present |  | the matter |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent matter=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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