---
title: It is given that a grandmother attributes a common cold to a "protYa… — Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today… · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that a grandmother attributes a common cold to a "protYah". Select the response consistent with the established scientific facts. Exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependenc
---

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# Exam question 3 · Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that a grandmother attributes a common cold to a "protYah". Select the response consistent with the established scientific facts.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** grandmother, you · **What happens:** give, attribute, select, establish · **To what, where:** It, common cold, response

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 24 «Snowmen, woolly hats, draughts — today and tomorrow» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that a grandmother attributes a common cold to a "protYah".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:1
# text = It is given that a grandmother attributes a common cold to a "protYah".
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	grandmother	grandmother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	attributes	attribute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	protYah	protyah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **attribute** | present | a grandmother | a common cold |  |  |  | to a protYah | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Select the response consistent with the established scientific facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:2
# text = Select the response consistent with the established scientific facts.
1	Select	select	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	established	establish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
8	scientific	scientific	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **select** | imperative | you *not said here* | the response |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme |
| 2 | **establish** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Common colds are caused by viruses rather than by currents of air

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:o1:1
# text = Common colds are caused by viruses rather than by currents of air
1	Common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	rather	rather	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	6	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | viruses | Common colds |  |  |  | by currents of air | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Common colds are caused by snow

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:o2:1
# text = Common colds are caused by snow
1	Common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | snow | Common colds |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Currents of air are the sole cause of common colds

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:o3:1
# text = Currents of air are the sole cause of common colds
1	Currents	current	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sole	sole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Currents of air | the sole cause |  |  |  | of common colds | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Common colds are caused by the wearing of hats

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:24-snowmen-hats-draughts-today-tomorrow:e3:o4:1
# text = Common colds are caused by the wearing of hats
1	Common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	obl	_	_
9	hats	hat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive |  | Common colds |  |  |  | by the wearing hats | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **wear** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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