---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Friendly name-calling and real insults… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "durnyk" in the speech of Ukrainian children? Exam question 1 of lesson 26 «Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only)» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatic
---

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# Exam question 1 · Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only)

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "durnyk" in the speech of Ukrainian children?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, speak · **To what, where:** term, speech, Ukrainian children · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 26 «Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only)» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the term "durnyk" in the speech of Ukrainian children?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	term	term	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	durnyk	durnyk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	speech	speech	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the term |  | the speech of Ukrainian children |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** |  |  | Ukrainian children |  |  |  |  | nom speech «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably a grave insult

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults:e1:o1:1
# text = It is invariably a grave insult
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	grave	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	insult	insult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a grave insult |  |  |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a formal title addressed to elders

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults:e1:o2:1
# text = It is a formal title addressed to elders
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	addressed	address	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	elders	elder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:agent	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a formal title |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **address** | participle |  | a formal title *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is invariably a compliment

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults:e1:o3:1
# text = It is invariably a compliment
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	compliment	compliment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a compliment |  |  |  | invariably *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its force depends upon tone, being amicable in jest and hurtful in anger

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults:e1:o4:1
# text = Its force depends upon tone, being amicable in jest and hurtful in anger
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	depends	depend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	tone	tone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
8	amicable	amicable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	jest	jest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **depend** | present | Its force |  |  | anger |  | upon tone | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  | jest |  | amicable *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Friendly name-calling and real insults…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults/t11/)
- next →: [Friendly name-calling and real insults…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Friendly name-calling and real insults (meanings only)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/ukrainian-street/26-friendly-name-calling-and-real-insults/)