---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Please, thank you, sorry, okay · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression BUD laska? Exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Please, thank you, sorry, okay» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice wa
---

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# Exam question 1 · Please, thank you, sorry, okay

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression BUD laska?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** expression

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 3 «Please, thank you, sorry, okay» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the expression BUD laska?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	BUD	BUD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
12	laska	laska	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	11	flat:foreign	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the expression |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is an apology of considerable gravity

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay:e1:o1:1
# text = It is an apology of considerable gravity
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	apology	apology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	considerable	considerable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a apology |  |  |  | of considerable gravity | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a valediction reserved for the evening

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay:e1:o2:1
# text = It is a valediction reserved for the evening
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	valediction	valediction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	reserved	reserve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a valediction |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reserve** | participle |  | a valediction *not said here* |  |  | evening |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It signifies please and is equally employed as a reply to thanks and when handing an object

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay:e1:o3:1
# text = It signifies please and is equally employed as a reply to thanks and when handing an object
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	equally	equally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	employed	employ	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	conj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	thanks	thanks	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
15	handing	hand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	conj	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **employ** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  | as a reply to thanks; equally *property* | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as reply=Attribute |
| 3 | **hand** | gerund |  | a object |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It signifies thank you exclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:3-please-thank-you-sorry-okay:e1:o4:1
# text = It signifies thank you exclusively
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	signifies	signify	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **signify** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  | exclusively *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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