---
title: «podruha means girlfriend so Sashko's in loooove» Which is right? — How old are you, where from, and meet… · tree and pragmatics
description: «podruha means girlfriend so Sashko's in loooove» Which is right? Test 1 · ★ of lesson 5 «How old are you, where from, and meet the family» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 1 · ★ · How old are you, where from, and meet the family

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«podruha means girlfriend so Sashko's in loooove» Which is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** podruha · **What happens:** mean, be · **To what, where:** girlfriend, loooove

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 1 · ★ of lesson 5 «How old are you, where from, and meet the family» of the Ukrainian street course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/ukrainian-street/5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family/#t1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family:t1:1
# text = «podruha means girlfriend so Sashko's in loooove» Which is right?
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	podruha	podruha	NOUN	FW	Foreign=Yes	3	nsubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
6	Sashko	Sashko	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	loooove	loooove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
11	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** *in a quote* | present | podruha | girlfriend |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girlfriend=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | loooove |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, it always means girlfriend

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family:t1:o1:1
# text = Yes, it always means girlfriend
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	girlfriend	girlfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | it | girlfriend |  |  |  | always *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent girlfriend=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, podRUha means sister

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family:t1:o2:1
# text = No, podRUha means sister
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	podRUha	podRUha	NOUN	FW	Foreign=Yes	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | podRUha | sister |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sister=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, and druh means boyfriend

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family:t1:o3:1
# text = Yes, and druh means boyfriend
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	druh	druh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	boyfriend	boyfriend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | druh | boyfriend |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boyfriend=Topic |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, among kids podRUha just means a friend who is a girl

```conllu
# sent_id = question:ukrainian-street:5-how-old-where-from-meet-the-family:t1:o4:1
# text = No, among kids podRUha just means a friend who is a girl
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	among	among	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	kids	kid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
5	podRUha	podRUha	NOUN	FW	Abbr=Yes|Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	acl:relcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | kids and podRUha | a friend |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a friend | a girl |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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