---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Day and night · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun? Exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Day and night» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Exam question 3 · Day and night

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Sun · **What happens:** follow, characteris, motion · **To what, where:** apparent diurnal motion

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 1 «Day and night» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/1-day-and-night/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:1-day-and-night:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
10	apparent	apparent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	diurnal	diurnal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	motion	motion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the apparent diurnal motion of the Sun |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **motion** |  | the Sun |  |  |  |  |  | nom motion «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It appears to rise in the west and set in the east

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:1-day-and-night:e3:o1:1
# text = It appears to rise in the west and set in the east
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the west |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in west=Location |
| 3 | **set** | participle |  | the west *not said here* |  | the east |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in east=Destination |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It appears to rise in the east and set in the west owing to the Earth's rotation

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:1-day-and-night:e3:o2:1
# text = It appears to rise in the east and set in the west owing to the Earth's rotation
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	appears	appear	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	set	set	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	owing	owe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	rotation	rotation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | present | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 2 | **rise** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the east |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in east=Location |
| 3 | **set** | infinitive |  |  |  | the west |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in west=Destination |
| 4 | **owe** | gerund | the west *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the Earth's rotation *goal* | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to rotation=Goal |
| 5 | **rotate** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  |  | nom rotation «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It moves eastward across the heavens each morning

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:1-day-and-night:e3:o3:1
# text = It moves eastward across the heavens each morning
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	moves	move	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eastward	eastward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
7	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present | It |  |  | the heavens | morning | eastward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across heaven=Trajectory |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It actually travels from east to west about a stationary Earth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:1-day-and-night:e3:o4:1
# text = It actually travels from east to west about a stationary Earth
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	actually	actually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	east	east	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	west	west	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stationary	stationary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | It |  |  | east |  | to west about a stationary; actually *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to west=Destination |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Day and night, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/1-day-and-night/e2/)
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