---
title: Leo says Tim Berners-Lee invented the phone. true? — Communication: letters, phones, radio… · tree and pragmatics
description: Leo says Tim Berners-Lee invented the phone. true? Test 13 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was right.
---

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# Test 13 · ★★★ · Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leo says Tim Berners-Lee invented the phone. true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 3 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Leo, Tim · **What happens:** say, invent · **To what, where:** phone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 13 · ★★★ of lesson 100 «Communication: letters, phones, radio and the internet» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/#t13).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet:t13:1
# text = Leo says Tim Berners-Lee invented the phone. true?
1	Leo	Leo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Tim	Tim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	Berners	Berners	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Lee	Lee	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	flat	_	_
7	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
11	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Leo |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **invent** | past | Tim | the phone |  |  |  | true *property* | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, and also the radio

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet:t13:o1:1
# text = Yes, and also the radio
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, he invented the telegraph

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet:t13:o2:1
# text = No, he invented the telegraph
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	telegraph	telegraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | he | the telegraph |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telegraph=Result |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, he invented the World Wide Web; Bell patented the telephone

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet:t13:o3:1
# text = No, he invented the World Wide Web; Bell patented the telephone
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
7	Wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Web	Web	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Bell	Bell	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	patented	patent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	telephone	telephone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past | he | the World Wide Web |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent web=Result |
| 2 | **patent** | past | Bell | the telephone |  |  |  |  | vn patent-101 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telephone=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, he made the first phone in 1876

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:100-communication-letters-to-internet:t13:o4:1
# text = Yes, he made the first phone in 1876
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	1876	1876	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | he | the first phone |  | 1876 |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Product |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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- ← previous: [Communication: letters, phones, radio…, test 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/100-communication-letters-to-internet/t12/)
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