---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Alarms, stopwatches and how long a sec… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the world record for one hundred metres set in 2009? Exam question 4 of lesson 105 «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the world record for one hundred metres set in 2009?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, set · **To what, where:** world record, hundred metres, 2009

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 105 «Alarms, stopwatches and how long a second is» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the world record for one hundred metres set in 2009?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	record	record	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	compound	_	_
14	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	set	set	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	2009	2009	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the world record |  |  |  | of the following statements; for hundred metres; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **set** | participle |  | hundred metres *not said here* |  | 2009 |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in 2009=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It stands at 10.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is:e4:o1:1
# text = It stands at 10.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	10.58	10.58	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | It |  |  |  | second |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **achieve** | participle |  | 10.58 seconds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It stands at 9.58 minutes, achieved by Usain Bolt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is:e4:o2:1
# text = It stands at 9.58 minutes, achieved by Usain Bolt
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	9.58	9.58	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | It |  |  |  | minute |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **achieve** | participle |  | 9.58 minutes *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It stands at 12.4 seconds, achieved by a child

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is:e4:o3:1
# text = It stands at 12.4 seconds, achieved by a child
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	12.4	12.4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | It |  |  |  | second |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **achieve** | participle |  | 12.4 seconds *not said here* |  |  |  | by a child | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It stands at 9.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:105-alarms-stopwatches-how-long-a-second-is:e4:o4:1
# text = It stands at 9.58 seconds, achieved by Usain Bolt
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	9.58	9.58	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	achieved	achieve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Usain	Usain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl:agent	_	_
10	Bolt	Bolt	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	flat	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | present | It |  |  |  | second |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **achieve** | participle |  | 9.58 seconds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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