---
title: A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely". Put it r… — Leap years and 29 February birthdays · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely". Put it right. Test 11 · ★ of lesson 112 «Leap years and 29 February birthdays» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 11 · ★ · Leap years and 29 February birthdays

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely". Put it right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, leap years, February, you · **What happens:** say, exist, not be, put · **To what, where:** it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 112 «Leap years and 29 February birthdays» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely".

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:1
# text = A cartoon says leap years exist "so February isn't lonely".
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	February	February	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	lonely	lonely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a cartoon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **exist** | present | leap years |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **not** **is** *in a quote* | present | February |  |  |  |  | lonely *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put it right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:2
# text = Put it right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They exist to give people a free holiday

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:o1:1
# text = They exist to give people a free holiday
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	free	free	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | They *not said here* | a free holiday | people |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient holiday=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They exist because the Moon is late every year

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:o2:1
# text = They exist because the Moon is late every year
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Moon	Moon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | the Moon |  |  |  | year | late *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They exist because February is the shortest month

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:o3:1
# text = They exist because February is the shortest month
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	exist	exist	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
4	February	February	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	shortest	short	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	8	amod	_	_
8	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exist** | present | They |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | February | the shortest month |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They keep the calendar in step with the Earth's trip round the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t11:o4:1
# text = They keep the calendar in step with the Earth's trip round the Sun
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	keep	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
12	round	round	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | They | the calendar |  |  |  | in step; with the Earth's trip round the Sun | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent calendar=Theme in step=Location |
| 2 | **trip** |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | round the Sun | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent round=obl |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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