---
title: Tanvir: "A leapling born in 2016, how old on their 4th real birthday… — Leap years and 29 February birthdays · tree and pragmatics
description: Tanvir: "A leapling born in 2016, how old on their 4th real birthday?" His mate says, "4, ya eejit." Who's right? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 112 «Leap years and 29 February birthdays» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; 
---

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# Test 6 · ★ · Leap years and 29 February birthdays

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tanvir: "A leapling born in 2016, how old on their 4th real birthday?" His mate says, "4, ya eejit." Who's right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 4 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate · **What happens:** bear, say, be · **To what, where:** leapling, 2016 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 112 «Leap years and 29 February birthdays» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays/#t6).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Tanvir: "A leapling born in 2016, how old on their 4th real birthday?"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:1
# text = Tanvir: "A leapling born in 2016, how old on their 4th real birthday?"
1	Tanvir	Tanvir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	leapling	leapling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
6	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	2016	2016	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
14	4th	4th	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	16	amod	_	_
15	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bear** *in a quote* | participle |  | a leapling *not said here* |  | 2016 |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* His mate says, "4, ya eejit."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:2
# text = His mate says, "4, ya eejit."
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	ya	ya	X	GW	_	3	ccomp	_	_
9	eejit	eejit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	goeswith	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | leapling's mate |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Who's right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:3
# text = Who's right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody: they turn 8

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:o1:1
# text = Nobody: they turn 8
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Nobody | 8 |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent 8=Theme |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody: they turn 20

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:o2:1
# text = Nobody: they turn 20
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Nobody | 20 |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent 20=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mate: they turn 4, one per real birthday

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:o3:1
# text = The mate: they turn 4, one per real birthday
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	conj	_	_
9	per	per	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | they | 4 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tanvir's sum: they turn 16 in 2032

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:112-leap-years-and-29-february-birthdays:t6:o4:1
# text = Tanvir's sum: they turn 16 in 2032
1	Tanvir	Tanvir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	2032	2032	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | present | Tanvir's sum | 16 |  |  |  | in 2032 | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent 16=Patient in 2032=Topic |
| 2 | **sum** |  | Tanvir |  |  |  |  |  | nom sum «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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