---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain? Exam question 4 of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics o
---

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# Exam question 4 · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 2 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, adopt · **To what, where:** adoption, Gregorian calendar

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:e4:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	adoption	adoption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	Gregorian	gregorian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in Britain |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **adopt** |  |  | the Gregorian calendar in Britain |  |  |  |  | nom adoption «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It has not yet occurred, Britain retaining the Julian calendar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:e4:o1:1
# text = It has not yet occurred, Britain retaining the Julian calendar
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	occurred	occur	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	retaining	retain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Julian	Julian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **occur** | present · perfect · passive |  | It |  |  | yet | Britain *obl* | tree rules |
| 2 | **retain** | gerund |  | the Julian calendar |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurred in 1752, whereupon 2 September was followed by 14 September

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:e4:o2:1
# text = It occurred in 1752, whereupon 2 September was followed by 14 September
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurred	occur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1752	1752	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	obl	_	_
13	September	September	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:unmarked	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | past | It |  |  | 1752 |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1752=Location |
| 2 | **follow** | past · passive |  | 2 September |  |  |  | by 14  September; whereupon *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme by 14=Trajectory |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurred in 1918, whereupon thirteen dates were omitted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:e4:o3:1
# text = It occurred in 1918, whereupon thirteen dates were omitted
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurred	occur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1918	1918	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	whereupon	whereupon	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
7	thirteen	thirteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dates	date	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	omitted	omit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | past | It |  |  | 1918 |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1918=Location |
| 2 | **omit** | past · passive |  | thirteen dates |  |  |  | whereupon *property* | vn exclude-107.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It occurred in 1582, at which time 4 October was followed by 15 October

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:e4:o4:1
# text = It occurred in 1582, at which time 4 October was followed by 15 October
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	occurred	occur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	1582	1582	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	8	det	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
9	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	_
10	October	October	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	followed	follow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	parataxis	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nummod	_	_
15	October	October	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **occur** | past | It |  |  | 1582 |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 1582=Location |
| 2 | **follow** | past · passive |  | October |  |  | october; time |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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