---
title: A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years. Put it right. — How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul… · tree and pragmatics
description: A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years. Put it right. Test 10 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wro
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/t10/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/) / t10

# Test 10 · ★ · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years. Put it right.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** cartoon, Pope, you · **What happens:** say, invent, put · **To what, where:** it · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:1
# text = A cartoon says Pope Gregory invented leap years.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
6	invented	invent	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | a cartoon |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **invent** | past | Pope |  |  |  | year |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Put it right.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:2
# text = Put it right.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | it |  |  |  | right *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leap years were invented in 1752 by the British king

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:o1:1
# text = Leap years were invented in 1752 by the British king
1	Leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	1752	1752	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive | the British king | Leap years |  | 1752 |  |  | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Result |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Caesar's calendar already had them; Gregory changed the rule for century years

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:o2:1
# text = Caesar's calendar already had them; Gregory changed the rule for century years
1	Caesar	Caesar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	already	already	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Gregory	Gregory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Caesar's calendar | them *= they* |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 2 | **change** | past | Gregory | the rule |  |  | year |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gregory got rid of leap years altogether

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:o3:1
# text = Gregory got rid of leap years altogether
1	Gregory	gregory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rid	rid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	altogether	altogether	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | Gregory |  |  |  |  | altogether, rid *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leap years were invented in Ukraine in 1918

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t10:o4:1
# text = Leap years were invented in Ukraine in 1918
1	Leap	leap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	invented	invent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	1918	1918	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **invent** | past · passive |  | Leap years |  | Ukraine |  | in 1918 | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul…, test 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/t9/)
- next →: [How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/t11/)
- ↑ back to [How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/)