---
title: Taras's great-grandad's papers say "1 January 1910 O.S." Mum goes, "… — How our calendar was made: Romans, Jul… · tree and pragmatics
description: Taras's great-grandad's papers say "1 January 1910 O.S." Mum goes, "Sound, that's 14 January our way." ("Sound" means fine.) Is she right? Test 7 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tr
---

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# Test 7 · ★ · How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope…

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Taras's great-grandad's papers say "1 January 1910 O.S." Mum goes, "Sound, that's 14 January our way." ("Sound" means fine.) Is she right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** papers, Mum, that, Sound · **What happens:** say, go, be, mean · **To what, where:** Sound, 14 · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 7 · ★ of lesson 116 «How our calendar was made: Romans, Julius Caesar and Pope Gregory» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/116-how-our-calendar-was-made/#t7).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Taras's great-grandad's papers say "1 January 1910 O.S."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:1
# text = Taras's great-grandad's papers say "1 January 1910 O.S."
1	Taras	Taras	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	say	say	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	1	1	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
12	1910	1910	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nmod:unmarked	_	_
13	O.S	O.S	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Taras's great grandad's papers |  |  |  | january |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Mum goes, "Sound, that's 14 January our way."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:2
# text = Mum goes, "Sound, that's 14 January our way."
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	_
10	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod:unmarked	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | Mum | Sound |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that | 14 |  |  | january | our way *nmod:unmarked* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* ("Sound" means fine.)

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:3
# text = ("Sound" means fine.)
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sound |  |  |  |  | fine *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Is she right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:4
# text = Is she right?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	right	right	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sound |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, the gap between the calendars was always 10 days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:o1:1
# text = No, the gap between the calendars was always 10 days
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	11	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	calendars	calendar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	11	advmod	_	_
10	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the gap between the calendars | 10 days |  |  |  | always *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
No, "O.S." means the date is one whole year earlier

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:o2:1
# text = No, "O.S." means the date is one whole year earlier
1	No	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	O.S	O.S	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
12	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
14	earlier	early	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	7	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | O.S |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the date | one whole year |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, by then the gap between the two calendars was 13 days

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:o3:1
# text = Yes, by then the gap between the two calendars was 13 days
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	gap	gap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	calendars	calendar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the gap between the two calendars | 13 days |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yes, because January had 14 extra days in the old calendar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:116-how-our-calendar-was-made:t7:o4:1
# text = Yes, because January had 14 extra days in the old calendar
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Pos	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
3	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	January	January	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	calendar	calendar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | January |  |  | the old calendar | day |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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