---
title: Identify the principal reason for which water boils below one hundre… — Melting, freezing and boiling · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal reason for which water boils below one hundred degrees Celsius at high altitude. Exam question 4 of lesson 12 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice
---

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# Exam question 4 · Melting, freezing and boiling

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal reason for which water boils below one hundred degrees Celsius at high altitude.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you, water · **What happens:** identify, boil · **To what, where:** principal reason, hundred degrees

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 12 «Melting, freezing and boiling» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/12-melting-freezing-boiling/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:12-melting-freezing-boiling:e4:1
# text = Identify the principal reason for which water boils below one hundred degrees Celsius at high altitude.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	obl	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	boils	boil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl	_	_
9	below	below	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	compound	_	_
11	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
13	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod:unmarked	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	altitude	altitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal reason |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme |
| 2 | **boil** | present | water |  |  | hundred degrees  Celsius |  | for the principal reason; at high altitude | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water contains less salt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:12-melting-freezing-boiling:e4:o1:1
# text = The water contains less salt
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	contains	contain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **contain** | present | the water | less salt |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot salt=Theme |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The air pressure is diminished

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:12-melting-freezing-boiling:e4:o2:1
# text = The air pressure is diminished
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	diminished	diminish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **diminish** | present · passive |  | the air pressure |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The water is colder at altitude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:12-melting-freezing-boiling:e4:o3:1
# text = The water is colder at altitude
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	altitude	altitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the water |  |  | altitude |  | cold *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sun is nearer at altitude

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:12-melting-freezing-boiling:e4:o4:1
# text = The Sun is nearer at altitude
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	nearer	near	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	altitude	altitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Sun |  |  | altitude |  | near *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Melting, freezing and boiling, exam 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/12-melting-freezing-boiling/e3/)
- next →: [Evaporation and condensation, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/13-evaporation-condensation/t1/)
- ↑ back to [Melting, freezing and boiling](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/12-melting-freezing-boiling/)