--- title: Identify the principal advantage of the water clock over the sundial. — Clocks before clocks: sundials, water… · tree and pragmatics description: Identify the principal advantage of the water clock over the sundial. Exam question 1 of lesson 122 «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/e1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/) / e1 # Exam question 1 · Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and… Identify the principal advantage of the water clock over the sundial. **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify · **To what, where:** principal advantage, sundial This is exam question 1 of lesson 122 «Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/#e1). ## The question {#question} ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:122-clocks-before-clocks:e1:1 # text = Identify the principal advantage of the water clock over the sundial. 1 Identify identify VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 principal principal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 advantage advantage NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 clock clock NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 9 over over ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 sundial sundial NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 12 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal advantage of the water clock | | the sundial | | | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} Its operation requires no water or other liquid whatsoever ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:122-clocks-before-clocks:e1:o1:1 # text = Its operation requires no water or other liquid whatsoever 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 operation operation NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 requires require VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 5 det _ _ 5 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 or or CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 7 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 liquid liquid NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 9 whatsoever whatsoever ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **require** | present | Its operation | no water or other liquid | | | | whatsoever *property* | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Precondition | | 2 | **operate** | | Its *= it* | | | | | | nom operation «state transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2} Its operation does not depend upon sunshine ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:122-clocks-before-clocks:e1:o2:1 # text = Its operation does not depend upon sunshine 1 Its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 operation operation NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 3 does do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 depend depend VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 upon upon ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 sunshine sunshine NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **depend** | present · do-support | Its operation | | | | | upon sunshine | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S\_ING»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **operate** | | Its *= it* | | | | | | nom operation «state transitive»: poss=agent | ### Option 3 {#o3} It indicates the date as well as the hour ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:122-clocks-before-clocks:e1:o3:1 # text = It indicates the date as well as the hour 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 indicates indicate VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 date date NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 as as ADV RB ExtPos=CCONJ 9 cc _ _ 6 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 5 fixed _ _ 7 as as ADP IN _ 5 fixed _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 hour hour NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 conj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **indicate** | present | It | the date | | | | | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot date=Topic | ### Option 4 {#o4} It strikes a bell at every minute ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:122-clocks-before-clocks:e1:o4:1 # text = It strikes a bell at every minute 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 strikes strike VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 bell bell NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 at at ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 7 det _ _ 7 minute minute NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **strike** | present | It | a bell | | | minute | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bell=Patient | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/t11/) - next →: [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water…, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/e2/) - ↑ back to [Clocks before clocks: sundials, water clocks, candles and hourglasses](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/122-clocks-before-clocks/)