---
title: Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%." Josh: "Nah, people wit… — BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%." Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet." What's the best reason Josh is right? Test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 125 «BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics
---

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# Test 11 · ★★★ · BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%." Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet." What's the best reason Josh is right?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mate, best reason, Josh · **What happens:** build, be · **To what, where:** Stonehenge, best reason

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 11 · ★★★ of lesson 125 «BC and AD, dinosaurs and pyramids, and timelines» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines/#t11).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:1
# text = Josh's mate: "Aliens built Stonehenge, 100%."
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mate	mate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	%	%	SYM	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** *in a quote* | past | Josh's mate |  | Stonehenge |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset stonehenge=Beneficiary %=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:2
# text = Josh: "Nah, people with ropes and wood, ya muppet."
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Nah	nah	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	appos	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ropes	rope	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	ya	ya	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	muppet	muppet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What's the best reason Josh is right?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:3
# text = What's the best reason Josh is right?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	reason	reason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nsubj	_	_
6	Josh	Josh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the best reason |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Josh | the best reason *not said here* |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Archaeologists found the builders' tools, homes and bones

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:o1:1
# text = Archaeologists found the builders' tools, homes and bones
1	Archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	homes	home	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Archaeologists | the builders's tools and homes and bones |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tool=Topic |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stonehenge was only built last century, so no aliens were needed

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:o2:1
# text = Stonehenge was only built last century, so no aliens were needed
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	built	build	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
9	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	10	det	_	_
10	aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build** | past · passive |  | Stonehenge |  |  | century |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **need** | past · passive |  | no aliens |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Aliens are too short to lift such big, heavy stones on their own

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:o3:1
# text = Aliens are too short to lift such big, heavy stones on their own
1	Aliens	alien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	too	too	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lift	lift	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Aliens |  |  |  |  | short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **lift** | to-infinitive | Aliens *not said here* | such big heavy stones |  | Aliens's own |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme on own=Destination |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stonehenge is made of wood, not stone, so it was easy for anyone

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:125-bc-ad-dinosaurs-pyramids-timelines:t11:o4:1
# text = Stonehenge is made of wood, not stone, so it was easy for anyone
1	Stonehenge	Stonehenge	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	expl	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Stonehenge |  |  |  | of wood and stone | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | for anyone; easy *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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