---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — "In the olden days": Grandad's 1990 · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated inflation? Exam question 3 of lesson 126 «"In the olden days": Grandad's 1990» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 3 · "In the olden days": Grandad's 1990

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated inflation?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **What happens:** follow, characteris, designate · **To what, where:** phenomenon

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 126 «"In the olden days": Grandad's 1990» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/126-in-the-olden-days/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:126-in-the-olden-days:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the phenomenon designated inflation?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	designated	designate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	inflation	inflation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the phenomenon and designated inflation |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **designate** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A general increase in prices over a period of time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:126-in-the-olden-days:e3:o1:1
# text = A general increase in prices over a period of time
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	increase	increase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The printing of banknotes in brighter colours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:126-in-the-olden-days:e3:o2:1
# text = The printing of banknotes in brighter colours
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	printing	printing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	banknotes	banknote	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	colours	colour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **print** |  |  | banknotes |  | brighter colours |  |  | nom printing «communication transitive»: of=patient in=place |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A general reduction in prices over a period of time

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:126-in-the-olden-days:e3:o3:1
# text = A general reduction in prices over a period of time
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reduction	reduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The closure of shops at an earlier hour

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:126-in-the-olden-days:e3:o4:1
# text = The closure of shops at an earlier hour
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	closure	closure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	amod	_	_
8	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** |  | shops at a earlier hour |  |  |  |  |  | nom closure «act intransitive»: of=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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