---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — Sleep and the body clock · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the circadian rhythm? Exam question 1 of lesson 127 «Sleep and the body clock» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/e1/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [Sleep and the body clock](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/) / e1

# Exam question 1 · Sleep and the body clock

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the circadian rhythm?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **What happens:** follow, characteris · **To what, where:** circadian rhythm

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 1 of lesson 127 «Sleep and the body clock» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:e1:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the circadian rhythm?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	circadian	circadian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	rhythm	rhythm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the circadian rhythm |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An internal cycle of approximately seven days, reset by meals

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:e1:o1:1
# text = An internal cycle of approximately seven days, reset by meals
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	reset	reset	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	meals	meal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reset** | participle · passive | meals | a internal cycle of seven days |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cycle observable exclusively in human beings

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:e1:o2:1
# text = A cycle observable exclusively in human beings
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	observable	observable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An external cycle imposed by the striking of clocks

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:e1:o3:1
# text = An external cycle imposed by the striking of clocks
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	external	external	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	imposed	impose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	striking	striking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **impose** | participle |  | a external cycle *not said here* |  |  |  | by the striking of clocks | vn enforce-63 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **strike** |  |  | clocks |  |  |  |  | nom striking «event transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An internal cycle of approximately twenty-four hours, reset chiefly by light

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:e1:o4:1
# text = An internal cycle of approximately twenty-four hours, reset chiefly by light
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	internal	internal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
5	approximately	approximately	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	twenty	twenty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
9	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
11	reset	reset	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reset** | infinitive | a internal cycle of twenty hours |  |  |  |  | by light; chiefly *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Sleep and the body clock, test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/t11/)
- next →: [Sleep and the body clock, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/e2/)
- ↑ back to [Sleep and the body clock](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/)