---
title: Big brother Sam, 16, can't sleep before midnight. Dad: "Lazy." Mum:… — Sleep and the body clock · tree and pragmatics
description: Big brother Sam, 16, can't sleep before midnight. Dad: "Lazy." Mum: "It's his age." Who has the science on her side? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 127 «Sleep and the body clock» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · Sleep and the body clock

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Big brother Sam, 16, can't sleep before midnight. Dad: "Lazy." Mum: "It's his age." Who has the science on her side?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** It · **What happens:** not sleep, be, have · **To what, where:** age, science, side

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 127 «Sleep and the body clock» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Big brother Sam, 16, can't sleep before midnight.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:1
# text = Big brother Sam, 16, can't sleep before midnight.
1	Big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:desc	_	_
3	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	midnight	midnight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **sleep** | can |  |  |  |  | midnight |  | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Dad: "Lazy."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:2
# text = Dad: "Lazy."
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	Lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Mum: "It's his age."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:3
# text = Mum: "It's his age."
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | It | Sam's age |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* Who has the science on her side?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:4
# text = Who has the science on her side?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present |  | the science |  | her side |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent science=Patient |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum: teenage body clocks shift later

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:o1:1
# text = Mum: teenage body clocks shift later
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	teenage	teenage	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	shift	shift	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
7	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shift** | present | teenage body clocks | Mum *not said here* |  |  |  | late *property* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer mum=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad: teenagers just choose to be lazy

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:o2:1
# text = Dad: teenagers just choose to be lazy
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	teenagers	teenager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	choose	choose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	lazy	lazy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | present | Dad teenagers |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | Dad teenagers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | lazy *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Neither: teenagers have no body clock

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:o3:1
# text = Neither: teenagers have no body clock
1	Neither	neither	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	3	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	teenagers	teenager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	clock	clock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | neither teenagers | no body clock |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clock=Patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad: teenagers need only about 5 hours

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:127-sleep-and-the-body-clock:t4:o4:1
# text = Dad: teenagers need only about 5 hours
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
3	teenagers	teenager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | teenagers | Dad *not said here* |  |  | hour |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot dad=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: [Sleep and the body clock, test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/t3/)
- next →: [Sleep and the body clock, test 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/t5/)
- ↑ back to [Sleep and the body clock](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/127-sleep-and-the-body-clock/)