---
title: A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at… — Climate zones · tree and pragmatics
description: A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch. What does this show about the Earth? Test 3 of lesson 16 «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choi
---

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# Test 3 · Climate zones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch. What does this show about the Earth?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 3 · **The right answer:** option 1 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** torch, this · **What happens:** shine, make, show · **To what, where:** small bright spot, slant

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This is test 3 of lesson 16 «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/16-climate-zones/#t3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:1
# text = A torch shining straight down makes a small bright spot; shining at a slant, a big dim patch.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spot	spot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	shining	shine	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	slant	slant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	dim	dim	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	patch	patch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | gerund | a torch *not said here* |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | a torch | a small bright spot |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset spot=Product |
| 3 | **shine** | gerund | a torch *not said here* |  |  | a slant and a big dim patch |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at slant=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* What does this show about the Earth?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:2
# text = What does this show about the Earth?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	nsubj	_	_
4	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present · do-support | this |  |  |  |  | about the Earth | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent what=Recipient about earth=Topic |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Slanting sunlight spreads its heat thin, as near the poles

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:o1:1
# text = Slanting sunlight spreads its heat thin, as near the poles
1	Slanting	slant	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	near	near	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slant** | gerund |  | sunlight |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location sunlight=Theme |
| 2 | **spread** | present | Slanting | sunlight's heat |  |  |  | as the poles; thin *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location heat=Theme |
| 3 | **heat** |  | sunlight |  |  |  |  |  | nom heat «phenomenon intransitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light gets brighter when it slants

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:o2:1
# text = Light gets brighter when it slants
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	brighter	bright	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	slants	slant	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present | Light |  |  |  |  | bright *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **slant** | present | Light |  |  |  |  |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 3 · ← Mova's choice {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poles are farther away from the Sun than the equator is

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:o3:1
# text = The poles are farther away from the Sun than the equator is
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poles	pole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	farther	far	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	5	advmod	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	equator	equator	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the poles |  |  | the Sun |  | than the equator; away, far *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A torch is hotter than the Sun

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t3:o4:1
# text = A torch is hotter than the Sun
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	torch	torch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a torch |  |  |  |  | than the Sun; hot *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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