---
title: A climber in Africa reaches snow near the top of a mountain. Why is… — Climate zones · tree and pragmatics
description: A climber in Africa reaches snow near the top of a mountain. Why is there snow? Test 5 of lesson 16 «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 5 · Climate zones

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A climber in Africa reaches snow near the top of a mountain. Why is there snow?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** climber · **What happens:** reach, be · **To what, where:** snow, top

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 5 of lesson 16 «Climate zones» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/16-climate-zones/#t5).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A climber in Africa reaches snow near the top of a mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:1
# text = A climber in Africa reaches snow near the top of a mountain.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	reaches	reach	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	near	near	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | a climber in Africa | snow |  | the top of a mountain |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent snow=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Why is there snow?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:2
# text = Why is there snow?
1	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
4	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She has walked towards the South Pole

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:o1:1
# text = She has walked towards the South Pole
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present · perfect | She |  |  |  |  | towards the South Pole | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards pole=Destination |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All of Africa has snowy winters

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:o2:1
# text = All of Africa has snowy winters
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	winters	winter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | all Africa |  |  |  | winter |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is much colder high up the mountain

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:o3:1
# text = It is much colder high up the mountain
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | up the mountain; cold, high *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sunlight cannot reach mountain tops

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:16-climate-zones:t5:o4:1
# text = Sunlight cannot reach mountain tops
1	Sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	reach	reach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **reach** | can | Sunlight | mountain tops |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent top=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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