---
title: Which of the following most accurately characterises the claim that… — Who stole the remote? Jumping to concl… · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following most accurately characterises the claim that a person "always" commits a certain act? Exam question 4 of lesson 162 «Who stole the remote? Jumping to conclusions at home» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and 
---

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# Exam question 4 · Who stole the remote? Jumping to conclusions at home

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following most accurately characterises the claim that a person "always" commits a certain act?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 4 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** person · **What happens:** follow, characteris, commit · **To what, where:** claim, certain act

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 4 of lesson 162 «Who stole the remote? Jumping to conclusions at home» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions/#e4).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions:e4:1
# text = Which of the following most accurately characterises the claim that a person "always" commits a certain act?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	6	advmod	_	_
6	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
13	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
16	commits	commit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the claim |  |  |  | accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **commit** | present | a person | a certain act |  |  |  | always *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a measurement obtained by counting

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions:e4:o1:1
# text = It is a measurement obtained by counting
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	measurement	measurement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	obtained	obtain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	counting	count	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a measurement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **obtain** | participle |  | a measurement *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **count** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes conclusive proof of guilt

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions:e4:o2:1
# text = It constitutes conclusive proof of guilt
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	conclusive	conclusive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	guilt	guilt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | conclusive proof of guilt |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme proof=Pivot |
| 2 | **proof** |  |  | guilt |  |  |  |  | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a presumption, not evidence concerning the present case

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions:e4:o3:1
# text = It is a presumption, not evidence concerning the present case
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	presumption	presumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	concerning	concern	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	acl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	present	present	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a presumption and evidence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **concern** | gerund | evidence *not said here* | the present case |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus case=Experiencer |

### Option 4 · ← Mova's choice {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is a legal finding, and is therefore binding upon the whole household

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:162-who-stole-the-remote-jumping-to-conclusions:e4:o4:1
# text = It is a legal finding, and is therefore binding upon the whole household
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	legal	legal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	finding	finding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	binding	bind	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	household	household	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | It | a legal finding |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bind** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  | upon the whole household; therefore *property* | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- next →: ["Because I said so" and other dead-end…, test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/163-because-i-said-so-dead-end-reasons/t1/)
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