---
title: Which shows that air takes up space? — Air and why we need it · tree and pragmatics
description: Which shows that air takes up space? Test 6 · ★ of lesson 17 «Air and why we need it» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 6 · ★ · Air and why we need it

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which shows that air takes up space?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 2 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** air · **What happens:** show, take up · **To what, where:** space · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 17 «Air and why we need it» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide/#t6).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide:t6:1
# text = Which shows that air takes up space?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **take up** | present | that air | space |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stone sinks to the bottom of a pond

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide:t6:o1:1
# text = A stone sinks to the bottom of a pond
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sinks	sink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | present | a stone |  |  |  |  | to the bottom of a pond | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 2 · ← Mova's choice {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ice melts in a warm room

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide:t6:o2:1
# text = Ice melts in a warm room
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	melts	melt	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present | Ice |  |  | a warm room |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cup fills up when you pour water in

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide:t6:o3:1
# text = A cup fills up when you pour water in
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fills	fill	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	pour	pour	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill up** | present | a cup |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **pour in** | present | you | water |  |  |  |  | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A glass pushed upside down into water stays partly dry inside

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:17-air-oxygen-carbon-dioxide:t6:o4:1
# text = A glass pushed upside down into water stays partly dry inside
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	pushed	push	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	upside	upside	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	stays	stay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	partly	partly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
11	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **push down** | participle |  | a glass *not said here* |  | water |  | down, upside *property* | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into water=Destination |
| 2 | **stay** | present | a glass |  |  |  |  | dry, inside *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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