---
title: Identify the principal error in concluding that a game is rigged on… — "The game is rigged because I lost" · tree and pragmatics
description: Identify the principal error in concluding that a game is rigged on the ground that one has lost it. Exam question 1 of lesson 173 «"The game is rigged because I lost"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's ch
---

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# Exam question 1 · "The game is rigged because I lost"

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Identify the principal error in concluding that a game is rigged on the ground that one has lost it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** identify, conclude, rig, lose · **To what, where:** principal error, game, ground

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This is exam question 1 of lesson 173 «"The game is rigged because I lost"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost/#e1).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost:e1:1
# text = Identify the principal error in concluding that a game is rigged on the ground that one has lost it.
1	Identify	identify	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	error	error	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	concluding	conclude	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	rigged	rig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **identify** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal error |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent error=Theme |
| 2 | **conclude** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **rig** | present · passive |  | a game |  | the ground |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | the ground |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game was insufficiently difficult

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost:e1:o1:1
# text = The game was insufficiently difficult
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	insufficiently	insufficiently	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the game |  |  |  |  | difficult, insufficiently *property* | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The opponent was too young

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost:e1:o2:1
# text = The opponent was too young
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	opponent	opponent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	too	too	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the opponent |  |  |  |  | young *property* | tree rules |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The match was played online

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost:e1:o3:1
# text = The match was played online
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	played	play	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	online	online	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past · passive |  | the match |  |  |  | online *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A loss is treated as proof of cheating without other evidence

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost:e1:o4:1
# text = A loss is treated as proof of cheating without other evidence
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cheating	cheating	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	without	without	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **treat** | present · passive |  | a loss |  |  |  | as proof of cheating; without other evidence | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as proof=Attribute |
| 2 | **proof** |  |  | cheating |  |  |  |  | nom proof «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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- ← previous: ["The game is rigged because I lost", test 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost/t11/)
- next →: ["The game is rigged because I lost", exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost/e2/)
- ↑ back to ["The game is rigged because I lost"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/173-the-game-is-rigged-because-i-lost/)