---
title: It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Br… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics
description: It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night. Ascertain the principal purpose of this report. Exam question 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragm
---

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# Exam question 3 · "How do you know?"

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night. Ascertain the principal purpose of this report.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** that, you, report · **What happens:** give, report, improve, ascertain, purpose · **To what, where:** It, War, Britain, vision, principal purpose

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/186-how-do-you-know/#e3).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:1
# text = It is given that, during the Second World War, it was reported in Britain that carrots improved pilots' vision at night.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	Second	Second	ADJ	NNP	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	10	amod	_	_
9	World	World	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	War	War	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	reported	report	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	improved	improve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	ccomp	_	_
20	pilots	pilot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	'	's	PART	POS	_	20	case	_	_
22	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	at	at	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present · passive |  | It |  |  | during the Second World War |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme |
| 2 | **report** | past · passive |  | War |  | Britain |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 3 | **improve** | past | that | pilots's vision |  |  | night |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent vision=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ascertain the principal purpose of this report.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:2
# text = Ascertain the principal purpose of this report.
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	principal	principal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ascertain** | imperative | you *not said here* | the principal purpose of this report |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent purpose=Topic |
| 2 | **purpose** |  | this report |  |  |  |  |  | nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To increase the sale of carrots to the public during rationing

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:o1:1
# text = To increase the sale of carrots to the public during rationing
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	increase	increase	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obl	_	_
10	during	during	ADP	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	rationing	ration	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **increase** | to-infinitive |  | the sale of carrots |  |  |  | to the public *result* | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.initial\_state PP.result»: agent=Patient sale=Extent to public=Result |
| 2 | **ration** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To discourage the consumption of carrots

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:o2:1
# text = To discourage the consumption of carrots
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	discourage	discourage	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	consumption	consumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	carrots	carrot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discourage** | to-infinitive |  | the consumption of carrots |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus consumption=Experiencer |
| 2 | **consume** |  |  | carrots |  |  |  |  | nom consumption «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To conceal the use of the newly developed radar

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:o3:1
# text = To conceal the use of the newly developed radar
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	conceal	conceal	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	radar	radar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conceal** | to-infinitive |  | the use of the developed radar |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent use=Patient |
| 2 | **develop** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** |  |  | the developed radar |  |  |  |  | nom use «act transitive»: of=patient |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To report the results of a medical trial

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:e3:o4:1
# text = To report the results of a medical trial
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	report	report	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	medical	medical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	trial	trial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | to-infinitive |  | the results of a medical trial |  |  |  |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent result=Patient |
| 2 | **result** |  |  | a medical trial |  |  |  |  | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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