---
title: Gen X dad: "Bummer, kid, your 'fact' needs a source. Totally rad tha… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics
description: Gen X dad: "Bummer, kid, your 'fact' needs a source. Totally rad that you checked, though." What is he praising? Test 12 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wron
---

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# Test 12 · "How do you know?"

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gen X dad: "Bummer, kid, your 'fact' needs a source. Totally rad that you checked, though." What is he praising?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Gen X, you, X · **What happens:** need, check, praise · **To what, where:** source, rad

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 12 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/186-how-do-you-know/#t12).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Gen X dad: "Bummer, kid, your 'fact' needs a source.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:1
# text = Gen X dad: "Bummer, kid, your 'fact' needs a source.
1	Gen	gen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
3	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Bummer	bummer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	kid	kid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	fact	fact	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
14	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	source	source	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** *in a quote* | present | Gen X | a source |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot source=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Totally rad that you checked, though."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:2
# text = Totally rad that you checked, though."
1	Totally	totally	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	rad	rad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	though	though	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | you | rad |  |  |  | though *property* | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is he praising?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:3
# text = What is he praising?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	praising	praise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **praise** | present · progressive | X |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Theme |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repeating facts quickly

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:o1:1
# text = Repeating facts quickly
1	Repeating	repeat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | gerund |  | facts |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Eventuality |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Believing whatever sounds cool

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:o2:1
# text = Believing whatever sounds cool
1	Believing	believe	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	1	obj	_	_
3	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | gerund |  | whatever |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer whatever=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sound** | present | Believing |  |  |  |  | cool *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Checking where a claim came from

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:o3:1
# text = Checking where a claim came from
1	Checking	check	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	nsubj	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	obl	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never believing anything at all, just to be safe

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t12:o4:1
# text = Never believing anything at all, just to be safe
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	believing	believe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **believe** | gerund |  | anything |  | all |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | safe *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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