--- title: Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? That's the que… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics description: Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? That's the question, innit." Why is her question better than "everyone says"? Test 2 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/) / t2 # Test 2 · "How do you know?" Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? That's the question, innit." Why is her question better than "everyone says"? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 3 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Mia, astronaut, That, question · **What happens:** say, be · **To what, where:** it, question · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is test 2 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/186-how-do-you-know/#t2). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:1 # text = Mia: "Everyone says it, but did any astronaut say it? 1 Mia Mia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 3 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 4 Everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 5 nsubj _ _ 5 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 8 but but CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 9 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 10 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 11 det _ _ 11 astronaut astronaut NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 14 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | Mia | it | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past · do-support | any astronaut | it | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* That's the question, innit." ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:2 # text = That's the question, innit." 1 That that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 4 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 2 's be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 innit innit NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 4 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | That | the question and innit | | | | | tree rules | *Sentence 3:* Why is her question better than "everyone says"? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:3 # text = Why is her question better than "everyone says"? 1 Why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 question question NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:outer _ _ 5 better well ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 9 advmod _ _ 6 than than SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 everyone everyone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 9 nsubj _ _ 9 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 10 " " PUNCT " _ 9 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 ? ? PUNCT . _ 9 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** *speech: other* | present | | astronaut's question | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | present | astronaut's question | | | | | well *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} It asks which country built the Wall ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:o1:1 # text = It asks which country built the Wall 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 which which DET WDT PronType=Int 4 det _ _ 4 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 built build VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 Wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | It | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **build** | past | which country | the Wall | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wall=Product | ### Option 2 {#o2} It asks how many people keep repeating the claim ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:o2:1 # text = It asks how many people keep repeating the claim 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 how how ADV WRB PronType=Int 4 advmod _ _ 4 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 6 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 ccomp _ _ 7 repeating repeat VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 6 xcomp _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 claim claim NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | It | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **keep** | present | many people | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **repeat** | gerund | many people *not said here* | the claim | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Eventuality | ### Option 3 · ✓ the right answer {#o3} It asks for someone who actually looked ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:o3:1 # text = It asks for someone who actually looked 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 for for ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 someone someone PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Ind 2 obl _ _ 5 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 7 nsubj _ _ 6 actually actually ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 acl:relcl _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | It | | | | | for someone | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **look** | past | | | | | | actually *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ### Option 4 {#o4} It asks whether the Wall is popular ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t2:o4:1 # text = It asks whether the Wall is popular 1 It it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 whether whether SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 Wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 popular popular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 ccomp _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | It | | | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **is** | present | the Wall | | | | | popular *property* | tree rules | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: ["How do you know?", test 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t1/) - next →: ["How do you know?", test 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t3/) - ↑ back to ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/)