--- title: Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. Is she the… — "How do you know?" · tree and pragmatics description: Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. Is she the second smartest dog in the world?" What is the friend showing? Test 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/) / t3 # Test 3 · "How do you know?" Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. Is she the second smartest dog in the world?" What is the friend showing? **Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 4 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** friend, dog · **What happens:** sit, give, be, show · **To what, where:** paw, second smartest dog, world This is test 3 of lesson 186 «"How do you know?"» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/186-how-do-you-know/#t3). ## The question {#question} *Sentence 1:* Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:1 # text = Josh's friend: "Bro, my nan's dog can sit and give a paw. 1 Josh Josh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 4 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 6 Bro bro NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 9 nan nan NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 10 's 's PART POS _ 9 case _ _ 11 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 12 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 sit sit VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 paw paw NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 18 . . PUNCT . _ 13 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **sit** *in a quote* | can | Josh's friend and Bro and my nan's dog | | | | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **give** *in a quote* | infinitive | Josh's friend and Bro and my nan's dog *not said here* | a paw | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. *Sentence 2:* Is she the second smartest dog in the world?" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:2 # text = Is she the second smartest dog in the world?" 1 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 2 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 4 second second ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 6 amod _ _ 5 smartest smart ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 amod _ _ 6 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 10 ? ? PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 11 " " PUNCT '' _ 6 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | dog | the second smartest dog | | the world | | | tree rules | *Sentence 3:* What is the friend showing? ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:3 # text = What is the friend showing? 1 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 5 obj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 friend friend NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 showing show VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 6 ? ? PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present · progressive | the friend | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient | ## The options {#options} ### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1} All dogs are exactly as smart ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:o1:1 # text = All dogs are exactly as smart 1 All all DET DT PronType=Tot 2 det _ _ 2 dogs dog NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 exactly exactly ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 smart smart ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | all dogs | | | | | exactly, smart *property* | tree rules | ### Option 2 {#o2} Giving a paw is the real test ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:o2:1 # text = Giving a paw is the real test 1 Giving give VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 7 csubj _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 paw paw NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 obj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 6 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 test test NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | gerund | | a paw | | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Theme | | 2 | **is a** | present | Giving | the real test | | | | | tree rules | ### Option 3 {#o3} His nan's dog really is smarter, because she does two tricks ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:o3:1 # text = His nan's dog really is smarter, because she does two tricks 1 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ _ 2 nan nan NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ SpaceAfter=No 3 's 's PART POS _ 2 case _ _ 4 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 5 really really ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 6 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 7 smarter smart ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 0 root _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 9 because because SCONJ IN _ 11 mark _ _ 10 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 11 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 advcl _ _ 12 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 13 nummod _ _ 13 tricks trick NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | His nan's dog | | | | | smart *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **do** | present | dog | two tricks | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trick=Eventuality | ### Option 4 · ✓ the right answer {#o4} Sitting is too common to prove "smartest" ```conllu # sent_id = question:world:186-how-do-you-know:t3:o4:1 # text = Sitting is too common to prove "smartest" 1 Sitting sitting NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 3 too too ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 4 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 to to PART TO _ 6 mark _ _ 6 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 advcl _ _ 7 " " PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 8 smartest smart ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 6 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 9 " " PUNCT '' _ 8 punct _ _ ``` | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present | Sitting | | | | | common *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **prove** | to-infinitive | Sitting *not said here* | smartest | | | | | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smart=Theme | **Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License. - ← previous: ["How do you know?", test 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t2/) - next →: ["How do you know?", test 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/t4/) - ↑ back to ["How do you know?"](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/186-how-do-you-know/)