---
title: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics
description: Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground that it is "weird"? Exam question 3 of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and o
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/e3/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [questions](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/) / [World](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/) / [One counterexample is enough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/) / e3

# Exam question 3 · One counterexample is enough

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground that it is "weird"?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** dismissal · **What happens:** follow, characteris, be, dismiss · **To what, where:** dismissal, counterexample · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is exam question 3 of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/#e3).

## The question {#question}

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:e3:1
# text = Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground that it is "weird"?
1	Which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	following	follow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	statements	statement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
6	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	7	advmod	_	_
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dismissal	dismissal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	21	mark	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
19	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **follow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **characteris** | present |  | the dismissal of a counterexample on the ground |  |  |  | of the following statements; accurately *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | dismissal |  |  |  |  | weird *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **dismiss** |  |  | a counterexample on the ground |  |  |  |  | nom dismissal «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It leaves the counterexample in force and the claim refuted

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:e3:o1:1
# text = It leaves the counterexample in force and the claim refuted
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	refuted	refute	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	xcomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present | It | the counterexample |  | force and the claim |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refute** | participle | the counterexample *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It proves the original claim conclusively

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:e3:o2:1
# text = It proves the original claim conclusively
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	proves	prove	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	conclusively	conclusively	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | present | It | the original claim |  |  |  | conclusively *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It constitutes a second counterexample

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:e3:o3:1
# text = It constitutes a second counterexample
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	constitutes	constitute	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **constitute** | present | It | a second counterexample |  |  |  |  | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme counterexample=Pivot |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It restores the original claim to truth

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:e3:o4:1
# text = It restores the original claim to truth
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	restores	restore	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **restore** | present | It | the original claim | truth |  |  |  | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent claim=Theme to truth=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [One counterexample is enough, exam 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/e2/)
- next →: [One counterexample is enough, exam 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/e4/)
- ↑ back to [One counterexample is enough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/)