---
title: A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer? Dinnae be daft, hen, it's A… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics
description: A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer? Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon." What is true? Test 10 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova'
---

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# Test 10 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer? Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon." What is true?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** Scottish gran, Dinnae, gran · **What happens:** not rain, be · **To what, where:** August, chuckin

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/#t10).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:1
# text = A Scottish gran: "Never rains in summer?
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gran	gran	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rain** *in a quote* | present | a Scottish gran |  |  |  | summer |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:2
# text = Dinnae be daft, hen, it's August and it's chuckin' it doon."
1	Dinnae	Dinnae	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	3	nsubj	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	cop	_	_
3	daft	daft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	hen	hen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	August	August	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	chuckin	chuckin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	doon	doon	ADV	RB	_	9	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive | Dinnae |  |  |  |  | hen *vocative*; daft *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | gran | August and chuckin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | gran | chuckin |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is true?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:3
# text = What is true?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | true *property* | tree rules |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One rainy summer day breaks "never"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:o1:1
# text = One rainy summer day breaks "never"
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
2	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | One rainy summer day |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer never=Patient |

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It never rains in August, whatever she says

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:o2:1
# text = It never rains in August, whatever she says
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	August	August	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rain** | present | It |  |  |  | august |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | she | whatever |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent whatever=Topic |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Summer rain doesn't count

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:o3:1
# text = Summer rain doesn't count
1	Summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **count** | present · do-support | Summer rain |  |  |  |  |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It only rains in Scotland

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t10:o4:1
# text = It only rains in Scotland
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	rains	rain	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Scotland	Scotland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rain** | present | It |  |  | Scotland |  |  | vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme» |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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