---
title: Ollie lands his backflip. Ava: "OK, fine, nobody except you." What i… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics
description: Ollie lands his backflip. Ava: "OK, fine, nobody except you." What is Ava doing? Test 4 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each option; Mova's choice was wrong.
---

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# Test 4 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ollie lands his backflip. Ava: "OK, fine, nobody except you." What is Ava doing?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 2 · wrong ✗ · **Who acts:** Ollie, Ava · **What happens:** land, do · **To what, where:** backflip

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/#t4).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Ollie lands his backflip.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:1
# text = Ollie lands his backflip.
1	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lands	land	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	backflip	backflip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | present | Ollie | Ollie's backflip |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent backflip=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Ava: "OK, fine, nobody except you."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:2
# text = Ava: "OK, fine, nobody except you."
1	Ava	Ava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	OK	ok	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	fine	fine	INTJ	UH	_	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	6	appos	_	_
9	except	except	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* What is Ava doing?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:3
# text = What is Ava doing?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	Ava	Ava	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present · progressive | Ava |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Attacking Ollie for showing off

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:o1:1
# text = Attacking Ollie for showing off
1	Attacking	attack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	Ollie	Ollie	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	showing	show	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attack** | gerund |  | Ollie |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ollie=Patient |
| 2 | **show off** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 2 · ✓ the right answer {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Admitting her claim was broken

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:o2:1
# text = Admitting her claim was broken
1	Admitting	admit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	ccomp	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **admit** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **break** | past · passive |  | her claim |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **claim** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changing the rules so she can win

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:o3:1
# text = Changing the rules so she can win
1	Changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | gerund |  | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 2 | **win** | can | she |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Proving her claim was right all along

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t4:o4:1
# text = Proving her claim was right all along
1	Proving	prove	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	all	all	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	along	along	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prove** | gerund |  | her claim |  |  |  |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | Proving |  |  |  |  | along, right *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **claim** |  | her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom claim «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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