---
title: Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said. Bye, Fi… — One counterexample is enough · tree and pragmatics
description: Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said. Bye, Finn!" Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum." What changed his mind? Test 9 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school, with the dependency tree and pragmatics of the question and of each op
---

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# Test 9 · ★ · One counterexample is enough

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said. Bye, Finn!" Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum." What changed his mind?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Mova's choice:** option 1 · **The right answer:** option 1 · right ✓ · **Who acts:** mum, Finn, that · **What happens:** skate, not skate, say, be, change, mind · **To what, where:** vibe, mind · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 187 «One counterexample is enough» of the world course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: [the test at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/world/187-one-counterexample-is-enough/#t9).

## The question {#question}

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said.

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:1
# text = Finn's mum, 52, skates past: "Over 50, can't skate, he said.
1	Finn	Finn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	52	52	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	skates	skate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	past	past	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Over	over	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
16	skate	skate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **skate** | present | Finn's mum |  |  |  |  | past 50 | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **skate** *in a quote* | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past | Finn |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Bye, Finn!"

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:2
# text = Bye, Finn!"
1	Bye	bye	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	Finn	Finn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 3:* Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum."

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:3
# text = Finn: "OK, that's a vibe, Mum."
1	Finn	Finn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	OK	ok	INTJ	UH	_	9	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	vibe	vibe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | that | a vibe |  |  |  | Mum *nmod* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 4:* What changed his mind?

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:4
# text = What changed his mind?
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past |  | Finn's mind |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 2 | **mind** |  | Finn |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## The options {#options}

### Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer {#o1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One clear counterexample

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:o1:1
# text = One clear counterexample
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	counterexample	counterexample	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 2 {#o2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A long argument

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:o2:1
# text = A long argument
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

### Option 3 {#o3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nothing; he's still sure

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:o3:1
# text = Nothing; he's still sure
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	parataxis	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | he |  |  |  | still | sure *property* | tree rules |

### Option 4 {#o4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A list of rules

```conllu
# sent_id = question:world:187-one-counterexample-is-enough:t9:o4:1
# text = A list of rules
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	list	list	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **list** |  |  | rules |  |  |  |  | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (`world/data/school/`), as the course runner gave them to the student. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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